Page 185 - Šolsko polje, XXX, 2019, št. 1-2: Nasilje, šola, družba I, ur. Mitja Sardoč in Barbara Japelj Pavešić
P. 185
povzetki ■ abstracts
from inconsistent use of terms, different methodological approaches and
lack of descriptions of used research approaches. In the performed me-
ta-analysis of empirical researches that are comparable, authors analysed
9 studies and gave an estimate that 33 % of children and adolescents in
Slovenia had already experienced peer violence at least once, and 9 % of
them are experiencing repeating bullying. The latter is more frequently re-
ported by boys, being more often represented as the perpetrators and vic-
tims. The heterogeneity of included researches is proving methodologi-
cal and content inconsistency of peer violence research in Slovenia and
is showing the need for systematic, comprehensive and longitudinal rese-
arch of the phenomenon.
Keywords: school, violence, peer violence, bullying, meta-analysis
Vlasta Jalušič
SPOLNO NADLEGOVANJE V ŠOLAH: LEKCIJE, POTENCIAL
IN OMEJITVE PRISTOPA »AKTIVNIH OPAZOVALCEV«
Pristop »aktivnih opazovalcev« (active bystander) je znana praksa posre-
dovanja v primerih spolnih ali drugih oblik nadlegovanja (na podlagi rase,
invalidnosti itd.). Osredotoča se na priče nadlegovanja in nasilja, ki se kot
opazovalci na dejanja ne odzovejo. Pristop poskuša izboljšati pripravljenost
posameznikov, da reagirajo na diskriminatorna dejanja in nasilne situaci-
je, v katere so vpleteni drugi, ter s tem okrepiti odgovornost povzročite-
ljev in skupnosti. To ni lahka naloga, saj morajo biti za ta namen posame-
zniki dodatno opolnomočeni in spodbujeni k večji angažiranosti. Članek
premišlja potencial, izzive in omejitve pristopa aktivnih opazovalcev kot
celovitega »orodja« za preprečevanje spolnega nadlegovanja v šolah. Na
osnovi izkušnje mednarodnega projekta v štirih državah EU, v katerem je
šest partnerjev v dveh letih v 12 srednjih šolah razvilo, pilotiralo, imple-
mentiralo in ovrednotilo program aktivnega opazovalca, analizira njegove
lekcije in premišlja o izzivih spopadanja s spolnim nadlegovanjem v konte-
kstu slovenskih srednjih šol.
Ključne besede: spolno nadlegovanje, pristop aktivnih opazovalcev, sre-
dnje šole, Slovenija
SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN SCHOOLS: LESSONS, POTENTIAL
AND LIMITATIONS OF THE »ACTIVE BYSTANDER« APPROACH
Active bystander approach is already widely known as a practice of inter-
vention in cases of sexual or other forms of harassment (for example, ba-
sed on race, disability, etc.) that focuses on those who observe violence and
usually do not react. The approach therefore attempts to increase indivi-
dual responsibility for human actions and to improve people’s readiness to
183
from inconsistent use of terms, different methodological approaches and
lack of descriptions of used research approaches. In the performed me-
ta-analysis of empirical researches that are comparable, authors analysed
9 studies and gave an estimate that 33 % of children and adolescents in
Slovenia had already experienced peer violence at least once, and 9 % of
them are experiencing repeating bullying. The latter is more frequently re-
ported by boys, being more often represented as the perpetrators and vic-
tims. The heterogeneity of included researches is proving methodologi-
cal and content inconsistency of peer violence research in Slovenia and
is showing the need for systematic, comprehensive and longitudinal rese-
arch of the phenomenon.
Keywords: school, violence, peer violence, bullying, meta-analysis
Vlasta Jalušič
SPOLNO NADLEGOVANJE V ŠOLAH: LEKCIJE, POTENCIAL
IN OMEJITVE PRISTOPA »AKTIVNIH OPAZOVALCEV«
Pristop »aktivnih opazovalcev« (active bystander) je znana praksa posre-
dovanja v primerih spolnih ali drugih oblik nadlegovanja (na podlagi rase,
invalidnosti itd.). Osredotoča se na priče nadlegovanja in nasilja, ki se kot
opazovalci na dejanja ne odzovejo. Pristop poskuša izboljšati pripravljenost
posameznikov, da reagirajo na diskriminatorna dejanja in nasilne situaci-
je, v katere so vpleteni drugi, ter s tem okrepiti odgovornost povzročite-
ljev in skupnosti. To ni lahka naloga, saj morajo biti za ta namen posame-
zniki dodatno opolnomočeni in spodbujeni k večji angažiranosti. Članek
premišlja potencial, izzive in omejitve pristopa aktivnih opazovalcev kot
celovitega »orodja« za preprečevanje spolnega nadlegovanja v šolah. Na
osnovi izkušnje mednarodnega projekta v štirih državah EU, v katerem je
šest partnerjev v dveh letih v 12 srednjih šolah razvilo, pilotiralo, imple-
mentiralo in ovrednotilo program aktivnega opazovalca, analizira njegove
lekcije in premišlja o izzivih spopadanja s spolnim nadlegovanjem v konte-
kstu slovenskih srednjih šol.
Ključne besede: spolno nadlegovanje, pristop aktivnih opazovalcev, sre-
dnje šole, Slovenija
SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN SCHOOLS: LESSONS, POTENTIAL
AND LIMITATIONS OF THE »ACTIVE BYSTANDER« APPROACH
Active bystander approach is already widely known as a practice of inter-
vention in cases of sexual or other forms of harassment (for example, ba-
sed on race, disability, etc.) that focuses on those who observe violence and
usually do not react. The approach therefore attempts to increase indivi-
dual responsibility for human actions and to improve people’s readiness to
183
