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r aziskovanje v vzgoji in izobr aževanju: digitalizacija vzgoje in izobr aževanja ...

er socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to report engagement in
discussions related to political and social issues outside of school.

These findings can be problematic from the perspective that it seems
that there are inequalities in education, and without controlling for other
factors it seems that these inequalities affect the students’ choice or abili-
ties to actively participate in civic and citizenship activities. This highlights
the importance of addressing the potential equity issues in civic and citi-
zenship education, particularly in countries where there are significant so-
cio-economic disparities. Overall, the ICCS 2016 study provides important
insights into the civic and citizenship education of secondary school stu-
dents in Europe, highlighting the importance of promoting inclusive and
equitable civic education that takes into account the diverse backgrounds
and experiences of students. The findings of the study can be used to in-
form policy and practice in civic and citizenship education, with the aim of
promoting a more informed, engaged, and active citizenry.

Literature
Biesta, Gert and Gillian Cowell. »How is community done? Understanding

civic learning through psychogeographic mapping.« International Jour-
nal of Lifelong Education 31, no. 1 (2012): 47-61.
Bradley, Robert and Robert Corwyn. »Socioeconomic Status and Child De-
velopment.« Annual Review of Psychology 53, (2002): 371–99. https://doi.
org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233.
Cicognani Elvira, Iana Tzankova, Antonella Guarino, and Davide Mazzo-
ni. »National report–Italy.« In Constructing active citizenship with Europe-
an youth. Policies, practices, challenges and solutions. D7.2 findings of wave 1. A
cross-national report edited by P. Noack, and P. Macek, 8-64. University of
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Council of Europe. “Citizenship and Participation - Manual for Human Rights
Education with Young People - Www.Coe.Int.” Manual for Human Rights
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Dalton, Jon and Pamela Crosby. »Student voting and political engagement in
college: should higher education be doing more to promote civic agen-
cy?.« Journal of College and Character 10, no. 1 (2008).
Kahne, Joseph and Ellen Middaugh. “Democracy for Some: The Civic Oppor-
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