Page 71 - Šolsko polje, XXX, 2019, št. 5-6: Civic, citizenship and rhetorical education in a rapidly changing world, eds. Janja Žmavc and Plamen Mirazchiyski
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rožman, d. cortés ■ expected political participation and demogr aphic changes ...
this”, “I would probably not do this”, or “I would certainly not do this”3.
This was item B in question 32 for ICCS 2009 (IS2P32B) and item B in
question 31 for ICCS 2016 (IS3G31B). In column 2 of Table 2, we show –
for each selected country – the estimated proportion of 8th grade students
that in ICCS 2009 expressed they certainly would vote in a national elec-
tion. We did the same using data from ICCS 2016 in column 5. In most
countries, the likelihood of a student expressing he or she would vote in a
national election is higher in ICCS 2016 than in ICCS 2009. Moreover, a
cross-country comparison of our variable of interest reveals a similar pat-
tern within each cycle, that is, data from Estonia shows the lowest per-
centage of students that certainly would vote in both ICCS cycles, while
Nordic countries show the highest.
As a second source of information, we compiled data from Eurostat
about asylum applicants from 2014 until 2018 [migr_asyappctzm] and
total population on 1 January 2018 [demo_gind] from the selected EU
member countries (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database). Eu-
rostat is the statistical office of the European Union situated in Luxem-
bourg and its mission is to provide high quality statistics for Europe that
enable comparisons between countries and regions. We used this infor-
mation to construct the variable asylum application per 10,000 inhabitants,
as presented in column 8. We defined this variable as the sum of all asylum
applications between January 2014 and December 2018 within each coun-
try, divided by its total population, and multiplied it by 10,000. Overall,
across the selected countries, the asylum application rate fluctuates to a
large extent, with Sweden reporting about 315,000 applications and Esto-
nia reporting less than 7,000 in the observed period.
Finally, as a third source of data we relied on captures voter turnout
in the selected countries. This information is available online from the
International IDEA and consists of a comprehensive collection of voter
turnout statistics in presidential and parliamentary elections since 1945.
We focused only on elections for national assembly (in some countries re-
ferred to as parliament, chamber of representatives or chamber of depu-
ties) and took the voter turnout of the election proximate to each ICCS
cycle. In column 4 from Table 2 we present the national voter turnout
most proximate to ICCS 2009 for each country, while in column 3 we re-
port the year in which the national election was held. Similarly, in column
7 we present the national voter turnout most proximate to ICCS 2016 for
each country, while in column 6 we report the year in which the nation-
3 In ICCS 2009 the response options included the word “will” instead of “would”. As the
meaning of these words from the respondents point of view does not differ much, we can
treat the response options as comparable.
69
this”, “I would probably not do this”, or “I would certainly not do this”3.
This was item B in question 32 for ICCS 2009 (IS2P32B) and item B in
question 31 for ICCS 2016 (IS3G31B). In column 2 of Table 2, we show –
for each selected country – the estimated proportion of 8th grade students
that in ICCS 2009 expressed they certainly would vote in a national elec-
tion. We did the same using data from ICCS 2016 in column 5. In most
countries, the likelihood of a student expressing he or she would vote in a
national election is higher in ICCS 2016 than in ICCS 2009. Moreover, a
cross-country comparison of our variable of interest reveals a similar pat-
tern within each cycle, that is, data from Estonia shows the lowest per-
centage of students that certainly would vote in both ICCS cycles, while
Nordic countries show the highest.
As a second source of information, we compiled data from Eurostat
about asylum applicants from 2014 until 2018 [migr_asyappctzm] and
total population on 1 January 2018 [demo_gind] from the selected EU
member countries (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database). Eu-
rostat is the statistical office of the European Union situated in Luxem-
bourg and its mission is to provide high quality statistics for Europe that
enable comparisons between countries and regions. We used this infor-
mation to construct the variable asylum application per 10,000 inhabitants,
as presented in column 8. We defined this variable as the sum of all asylum
applications between January 2014 and December 2018 within each coun-
try, divided by its total population, and multiplied it by 10,000. Overall,
across the selected countries, the asylum application rate fluctuates to a
large extent, with Sweden reporting about 315,000 applications and Esto-
nia reporting less than 7,000 in the observed period.
Finally, as a third source of data we relied on captures voter turnout
in the selected countries. This information is available online from the
International IDEA and consists of a comprehensive collection of voter
turnout statistics in presidential and parliamentary elections since 1945.
We focused only on elections for national assembly (in some countries re-
ferred to as parliament, chamber of representatives or chamber of depu-
ties) and took the voter turnout of the election proximate to each ICCS
cycle. In column 4 from Table 2 we present the national voter turnout
most proximate to ICCS 2009 for each country, while in column 3 we re-
port the year in which the national election was held. Similarly, in column
7 we present the national voter turnout most proximate to ICCS 2016 for
each country, while in column 6 we report the year in which the nation-
3 In ICCS 2009 the response options included the word “will” instead of “would”. As the
meaning of these words from the respondents point of view does not differ much, we can
treat the response options as comparable.
69
