Page 102 - Šolsko polje, XXIX, 2018, št. 3-4: K paradigmam raziskovanja vzgoje in izobraževanja, ur. Valerija Vendramin
P. 102
šolsko polje, letnik xxix, številka 3–4
(e.g. argument from authority) [what about ‘rational’ or ‘logical’ fal-
lacies?].” (Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy)).
3) “A fallacy is a kind of error [unclear; what does ‘a kind of...’ mean?] in
reasoning. ... Fallacies should not be persuasive, but they often are.
Fallacies may be created unintentionally, or they may be created in-
tentionally in order to deceive other people.” (Internet Encyclopedia
of Philosophy (http://www.iep.utm.edu/fallacy/)).
4) “Fallacies are defects [what kind of defects?] that weaken [does ‘weak-
en’ mean that these arguments are still arguments, but with less argu-
mentative force?] arguments... It is important to realize two things
about fallacies: First, fallacious arguments are very, very common
and can be quite persuasive, at least to the casual reader or listener...
Second, it is sometimes hard to evaluate whether an argument is fal-
lacious.” (Handout and links (http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/
handouts/fallacies.html)).
5) “A “fallacy” is a mistake [any kind of mistake?], and a “ logical” falla
cy is a mistake in reasoning [is every mistake in reasoning - btw. what
does count as a mistake in reasoning? - a “logical” fallacy?] There are,
of course, other types of mistake than mistakes in reasoning. For in-
stance, factual mistakes are sometimes referred to as “ fallacies” [repeti-
tive, even circular, but not explicative enough].” (Fallacy files, http://
www.fallacyfiles.org/introtof.html).
Inventing the fallacies
Obviously, there is quite a confusion about what fallacies are nowadays.
And this confusion, this inability (impossibility?) to propose clear-cut cri-
teria, boundaries and definitions, generates new fallacies. Actually, there
is quite an inflation of (new) fallacies. Here are just a few of my favourite
ones (found online as well):
a) Poisoning the Well Fallacy
(Nizkor project: http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/poison-
ing-the-well.html)
“This sort of “reasoning” involves trying to discredit what a person
might later claim by presenting unfavorable information (be it true or
false) about the person. This “argument” has the following form:
(1) Unfavorable information (be it true or false) about person A is
presented.
(2) Therefore any claims person A makes will be false.
100
(e.g. argument from authority) [what about ‘rational’ or ‘logical’ fal-
lacies?].” (Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy)).
3) “A fallacy is a kind of error [unclear; what does ‘a kind of...’ mean?] in
reasoning. ... Fallacies should not be persuasive, but they often are.
Fallacies may be created unintentionally, or they may be created in-
tentionally in order to deceive other people.” (Internet Encyclopedia
of Philosophy (http://www.iep.utm.edu/fallacy/)).
4) “Fallacies are defects [what kind of defects?] that weaken [does ‘weak-
en’ mean that these arguments are still arguments, but with less argu-
mentative force?] arguments... It is important to realize two things
about fallacies: First, fallacious arguments are very, very common
and can be quite persuasive, at least to the casual reader or listener...
Second, it is sometimes hard to evaluate whether an argument is fal-
lacious.” (Handout and links (http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/
handouts/fallacies.html)).
5) “A “fallacy” is a mistake [any kind of mistake?], and a “ logical” falla
cy is a mistake in reasoning [is every mistake in reasoning - btw. what
does count as a mistake in reasoning? - a “logical” fallacy?] There are,
of course, other types of mistake than mistakes in reasoning. For in-
stance, factual mistakes are sometimes referred to as “ fallacies” [repeti-
tive, even circular, but not explicative enough].” (Fallacy files, http://
www.fallacyfiles.org/introtof.html).
Inventing the fallacies
Obviously, there is quite a confusion about what fallacies are nowadays.
And this confusion, this inability (impossibility?) to propose clear-cut cri-
teria, boundaries and definitions, generates new fallacies. Actually, there
is quite an inflation of (new) fallacies. Here are just a few of my favourite
ones (found online as well):
a) Poisoning the Well Fallacy
(Nizkor project: http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/poison-
ing-the-well.html)
“This sort of “reasoning” involves trying to discredit what a person
might later claim by presenting unfavorable information (be it true or
false) about the person. This “argument” has the following form:
(1) Unfavorable information (be it true or false) about person A is
presented.
(2) Therefore any claims person A makes will be false.
100
