Page 49 - Ana Kozina and Nora Wiium, eds. ▪︎ Positive Youth Development in Contexts. Ljubljana: Educational Research Institute, 2021. Digital Library, Dissertationes (Scientific Monographs), 42.
P. 49
the effects of 5cs and developmental assets on well-being among youth in kosovo
and caring effects were found to be nonsignificant. Further, internal and
external assets significantly predicted the two outcomes. The effects of in-
ternal assets on the satisfaction with life (β = .116, p = .016) and well-being
(β = .119, p < .016) were quite small. Similar small effects of external assets
on satisfaction with life (β = .161, p = .001) and well-being (β = .119, p < .012)
were found.
Discussion
This study used Path Models to examine the effects of the 5Cs (compe-
tence, confidence, character, connection, and caring) of Positive Youth
Development (PYD) and developmental assets (internal and external as-
sets) on well-being and satisfaction with life among youth. Most of the
studies worldwide have already confirmed that the PYD framework pos-
itively influences numerous positive outcomes such as mental and phys-
ical health, academic achievement, including life satisfaction and overall
well-being (Beck & Wiium, 2019; Catalano et al., 2019; Kozina et al., 2018;
Soares et al., 2019; Shek & Chai, 2020; Zhou et al., 2020). However, the PYD
research in Southeastern Europe is relatively rare and to our knowledge
this is the first study to specifically investigate the effects of an integrative
approach consisting of Lerner’s 5Cs (Lerner et al., 2009) and developmental
assets (Benson, 2003) on well-being and life satisfaction in Kosovo. All that
to provide evidence in a low- to middle-income country such is Kosovo. A
country that is overcoming huge social transitions and in which youth val-
ues have changed over these 20 post-conflict years. Although speculative,
both character and caring and the way how they were perceived among
youth in Kosovo may have been prone to change. Thus youth in Kosovo
tend to rely more on other values/assets.
Regarding our first hypothesis, we found moderate to strong correla-
tions of 5Cs with the developmental assets. Such results confirm previous
studies (see Lerner et al., 2009; Overton, 2015), thus providing strong ev-
idence that these factors interact with one another in a bidirectional way
across different settings and cultures. The set of factors constituting 5 Cs
and developmental assets are considered pivotal for many positive out-
comes, as such it was expected to correlate. Although, strongly correlat-
ed the results confirms that 5 Cs and developmental assets are independent
factors, thus informing theories and practices in the field of PYD.
Based on the previous evidence, we also expected a positive relation
between 5Cs and developmental assets in one hand and life satisfaction and
49
and caring effects were found to be nonsignificant. Further, internal and
external assets significantly predicted the two outcomes. The effects of in-
ternal assets on the satisfaction with life (β = .116, p = .016) and well-being
(β = .119, p < .016) were quite small. Similar small effects of external assets
on satisfaction with life (β = .161, p = .001) and well-being (β = .119, p < .012)
were found.
Discussion
This study used Path Models to examine the effects of the 5Cs (compe-
tence, confidence, character, connection, and caring) of Positive Youth
Development (PYD) and developmental assets (internal and external as-
sets) on well-being and satisfaction with life among youth. Most of the
studies worldwide have already confirmed that the PYD framework pos-
itively influences numerous positive outcomes such as mental and phys-
ical health, academic achievement, including life satisfaction and overall
well-being (Beck & Wiium, 2019; Catalano et al., 2019; Kozina et al., 2018;
Soares et al., 2019; Shek & Chai, 2020; Zhou et al., 2020). However, the PYD
research in Southeastern Europe is relatively rare and to our knowledge
this is the first study to specifically investigate the effects of an integrative
approach consisting of Lerner’s 5Cs (Lerner et al., 2009) and developmental
assets (Benson, 2003) on well-being and life satisfaction in Kosovo. All that
to provide evidence in a low- to middle-income country such is Kosovo. A
country that is overcoming huge social transitions and in which youth val-
ues have changed over these 20 post-conflict years. Although speculative,
both character and caring and the way how they were perceived among
youth in Kosovo may have been prone to change. Thus youth in Kosovo
tend to rely more on other values/assets.
Regarding our first hypothesis, we found moderate to strong correla-
tions of 5Cs with the developmental assets. Such results confirm previous
studies (see Lerner et al., 2009; Overton, 2015), thus providing strong ev-
idence that these factors interact with one another in a bidirectional way
across different settings and cultures. The set of factors constituting 5 Cs
and developmental assets are considered pivotal for many positive out-
comes, as such it was expected to correlate. Although, strongly correlat-
ed the results confirms that 5 Cs and developmental assets are independent
factors, thus informing theories and practices in the field of PYD.
Based on the previous evidence, we also expected a positive relation
between 5Cs and developmental assets in one hand and life satisfaction and
49
