Page 47 - Ana Kozina and Nora Wiium, eds. ▪︎ Positive Youth Development in Contexts. Ljubljana: Educational Research Institute, 2021. Digital Library, Dissertationes (Scientific Monographs), 42.
P. 47
the effects of 5cs and developmental assets on well-being among youth in kosovo
Results showed that three out of four scales used in this study showed
acceptable model fit. Satisfaction with life scale showed a good model fit
with only RMSEA above the criteria (χ2 (5) = 53.40, p < .001, CFI = 0.972,
RMSEA = 0.108, SRMR = 0.032) and so did the well-being scale (χ2 (5) =
57.92, p < .001, CFI = 0.969, RMSEA = 0.113, SRMR = 0.040). Internal and
external assets scale also showed good fit with RMSEA above the criteria
(χ2 (19) = 138.33, p < .001, CFI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.083, SRMR = 0.039). On
the other side, the 5Cs scale did not showed a good fit with CFI below .95.
However, once some residuals were let to correlate, the model was close to
being acceptable (χ2 (503) = 1251.49, p < .001, CFI = 0.888, RMSEA = 0.046,
SRMR = 0.059). Further, descriptive statistics for main demographic varia-
bles and each of the calculated factors used to estimate the path model are
reported in Table 1. To find out the relationship between all variables in-
cluded in the study we conducted a correlation analysis. Results showed
that 5Cs of the PYD and the developmental assets (i.e. external and inter-
nal assets) were significantly related to one another. In this direction, ex-
ternal asset was strongly correlated with internal asset and this correlation
was the highest (r = .749, p < .001). Next, all 5Cs were positively correlated
with each other (rs = 505–098, ps < .005). Lastly, internal and external as-
sets were positively correlated with the 5Cs (rs = 591–288, ps < .001). For the
full correlation matrix, please see Table 2.
Table 2. Correlations with Confidence Intervals of the Independent Factors.
Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Competence /
2. Confidence .51** / / / / /
3. Character [.46, .56] .54**
4. Caring .34** .51** .39**
5. Connection .23** [.28, .39] [.46, .56] [.33, .44]
6. Internal Assets [.16, .29]
.15** .47** .44**
.10** [.09, .21] [.42, .52]
[.04, .17]
.45** .58**
.37** [.40, .50]
[.31, .43]
.41**
.29**
47
Results showed that three out of four scales used in this study showed
acceptable model fit. Satisfaction with life scale showed a good model fit
with only RMSEA above the criteria (χ2 (5) = 53.40, p < .001, CFI = 0.972,
RMSEA = 0.108, SRMR = 0.032) and so did the well-being scale (χ2 (5) =
57.92, p < .001, CFI = 0.969, RMSEA = 0.113, SRMR = 0.040). Internal and
external assets scale also showed good fit with RMSEA above the criteria
(χ2 (19) = 138.33, p < .001, CFI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.083, SRMR = 0.039). On
the other side, the 5Cs scale did not showed a good fit with CFI below .95.
However, once some residuals were let to correlate, the model was close to
being acceptable (χ2 (503) = 1251.49, p < .001, CFI = 0.888, RMSEA = 0.046,
SRMR = 0.059). Further, descriptive statistics for main demographic varia-
bles and each of the calculated factors used to estimate the path model are
reported in Table 1. To find out the relationship between all variables in-
cluded in the study we conducted a correlation analysis. Results showed
that 5Cs of the PYD and the developmental assets (i.e. external and inter-
nal assets) were significantly related to one another. In this direction, ex-
ternal asset was strongly correlated with internal asset and this correlation
was the highest (r = .749, p < .001). Next, all 5Cs were positively correlated
with each other (rs = 505–098, ps < .005). Lastly, internal and external as-
sets were positively correlated with the 5Cs (rs = 591–288, ps < .001). For the
full correlation matrix, please see Table 2.
Table 2. Correlations with Confidence Intervals of the Independent Factors.
Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Competence /
2. Confidence .51** / / / / /
3. Character [.46, .56] .54**
4. Caring .34** .51** .39**
5. Connection .23** [.28, .39] [.46, .56] [.33, .44]
6. Internal Assets [.16, .29]
.15** .47** .44**
.10** [.09, .21] [.42, .52]
[.04, .17]
.45** .58**
.37** [.40, .50]
[.31, .43]
.41**
.29**
47
