Page 218 - Gabrijela Kišiček and Igor Ž. Žagar (eds.), What do we know about the world? Rhetorical and argumentative perspectives, Digital Library, Educational Research Institute, Ljubljana 2013
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What Do We Know about the World?
7/ genus/species model of argument – the following dialectical model of
argument is based on the pattern: genus to species, species to sub-spe-
cies, etc. By way of illustration, Bronisław Komorowski makes an
assumption, in turn Jarosław Kaczyński counters this assumption
with a subsequent example, the procedure further continues. In
the example to follow we can also spot aitiologia (a rhetorical figure
(trope), in which the same speaker asks and later answers a question
posed), a ploy popular in political rhetoric:
(12) Bronisław Komorowski: Facts are on our side: is there half a billion for
the University of Rzeszów? Yes, there is. Is there an improvement of an al-
gorithm calculating money for health sector? Yes, there is. You took it away,
we will give it and that’s the difference. There is no point in alluding to the-
ories, of one kind or another, facts are unrelenting (undeniable) Mr Chair-
man, and that’s all, full stop.
Jarosław Kaczyński: I also have some time, so I will say: half a billion is much
less than, for example, twelve billion for Gęsicka’s plans. Well, Mr Speaker,
you won’t escape from it.
Bronisław Komorowski: Well, Mr Chairman, you can promise twelve bil-
lion, but you didn’t give a penny, but we will give half a billion.
Jarosław Kaczyński: It came from the European funds.
8/ part/whole model of argument – in which the part represents the
whole, in the example below, the speaker enumerates consequences
of an economic crisis pertaining to supply estimates and public ex-
penditure, which represent parts of a larger whole:
(13) Bronisław Komorowski: The Italians cut clerks’ salaries, pensions [...]
9/ associational model of argument – it provokes the user to make false
logical assumptions, as may be the case of the example to follow:
(14) Jarosław Kaczyński: [...] contrary to what the Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs of that government claims, so I presume so does Mr Speaker [...]
10/ root meaning model of argument – characteristic of manipulation,
the interviewee deliberately searches for an alternative meaning of
a word to manipulate. In the context mentioned the speaker uses
the word: “report” sarcastically, for it was uttered by the brother of
his opponent after he won the election in 2005, in the form: I report
that the task has been completed (originally the statement was not
used to display complete dependence, which this word may denote,
but to express contentment resulting from victory). Bronisław Ko-
morowski, however, attempts to distort the meaning by referring to
it literally since he wishes to show that he is an independent politi-
cian:
7/ genus/species model of argument – the following dialectical model of
argument is based on the pattern: genus to species, species to sub-spe-
cies, etc. By way of illustration, Bronisław Komorowski makes an
assumption, in turn Jarosław Kaczyński counters this assumption
with a subsequent example, the procedure further continues. In
the example to follow we can also spot aitiologia (a rhetorical figure
(trope), in which the same speaker asks and later answers a question
posed), a ploy popular in political rhetoric:
(12) Bronisław Komorowski: Facts are on our side: is there half a billion for
the University of Rzeszów? Yes, there is. Is there an improvement of an al-
gorithm calculating money for health sector? Yes, there is. You took it away,
we will give it and that’s the difference. There is no point in alluding to the-
ories, of one kind or another, facts are unrelenting (undeniable) Mr Chair-
man, and that’s all, full stop.
Jarosław Kaczyński: I also have some time, so I will say: half a billion is much
less than, for example, twelve billion for Gęsicka’s plans. Well, Mr Speaker,
you won’t escape from it.
Bronisław Komorowski: Well, Mr Chairman, you can promise twelve bil-
lion, but you didn’t give a penny, but we will give half a billion.
Jarosław Kaczyński: It came from the European funds.
8/ part/whole model of argument – in which the part represents the
whole, in the example below, the speaker enumerates consequences
of an economic crisis pertaining to supply estimates and public ex-
penditure, which represent parts of a larger whole:
(13) Bronisław Komorowski: The Italians cut clerks’ salaries, pensions [...]
9/ associational model of argument – it provokes the user to make false
logical assumptions, as may be the case of the example to follow:
(14) Jarosław Kaczyński: [...] contrary to what the Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs of that government claims, so I presume so does Mr Speaker [...]
10/ root meaning model of argument – characteristic of manipulation,
the interviewee deliberately searches for an alternative meaning of
a word to manipulate. In the context mentioned the speaker uses
the word: “report” sarcastically, for it was uttered by the brother of
his opponent after he won the election in 2005, in the form: I report
that the task has been completed (originally the statement was not
used to display complete dependence, which this word may denote,
but to express contentment resulting from victory). Bronisław Ko-
morowski, however, attempts to distort the meaning by referring to
it literally since he wishes to show that he is an independent politi-
cian:
