Page 220 - Gabrijela Kišiček and Igor Ž. Žagar (eds.), What do we know about the world? Rhetorical and argumentative perspectives, Digital Library, Educational Research Institute, Ljubljana 2013
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What Do We Know about the World?
the other one, following Chilton (2004: 23), we can accept the assump-
tion that every political speaker needs to “imbue their utterances with
evidence, authority and truth”. According to Aristotle, word has to be
bound with being, as a remedy for abuse and manipulation within hu-
man cognition (Stefańczyk, 2000, quoted in Kucz, 2009: 22). The ques-
tion arises: does anybody attach any importance to actions in the era
of power of mass media? Do actions speak louder than words? High-
ly debatable. A word is the weapon in Plato’s rhetoric, something you
use to fight with the opponent’s view, or rather with him/her in person,
something you apply to defend, refute or maintain the stance adopted,
something fulfilling a conative function, finally, something lying on the
brink of manipulation. Ergo does rhetoric render martial art or the art
of winning the soul by discourse? Both, depending on the perspective
we adopt or, more probable, on the goal a politician wishes to achieve.
References
Andrews, R. (1992). Rebirth of Rhetoric, London and New York: Rou-
tledge.
Aristotle (1959). The Art of Rhetoric, London: William Heinemann Ltd.
Arystoteles (2008). Retoryka. Retoryka dla Aleksandra. Poetyka,
Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Arystoteles (2010). Polityka, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe
PWN.
Asmus, E. (1986). Psychagogia in Plato’s Phaedrus, Illinois Classical
Studies, 11/1–2, 153–157.
Barłowska, M., A. Budzyńska-Daca, and P. Wilczek (2008). Retoryka,
Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Barłowska, M (2008). Amplifikacja retoryczna. Barłowska, M., et al.
(eds.). Retoryka. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 98–
115.
Black, E. (1965). Rhetorical Criticism, New York: The Macmillan Com-
pany.
Bourdieu, P. (2008). Language and Symbolic Power. Jaworski, A., and
N. Coupland (eds.). The Discourse Reader. London and New York:
Routledge, 480–490.
Brown, P., and S. C. Levinson (1987). Politeness, Cambridge: Cam-
bridge University Press.
Buckler, W. E., and A. B. Sklare (1966). Essentials of Rhetoric, New
York: The Macmillan Company.
the other one, following Chilton (2004: 23), we can accept the assump-
tion that every political speaker needs to “imbue their utterances with
evidence, authority and truth”. According to Aristotle, word has to be
bound with being, as a remedy for abuse and manipulation within hu-
man cognition (Stefańczyk, 2000, quoted in Kucz, 2009: 22). The ques-
tion arises: does anybody attach any importance to actions in the era
of power of mass media? Do actions speak louder than words? High-
ly debatable. A word is the weapon in Plato’s rhetoric, something you
use to fight with the opponent’s view, or rather with him/her in person,
something you apply to defend, refute or maintain the stance adopted,
something fulfilling a conative function, finally, something lying on the
brink of manipulation. Ergo does rhetoric render martial art or the art
of winning the soul by discourse? Both, depending on the perspective
we adopt or, more probable, on the goal a politician wishes to achieve.
References
Andrews, R. (1992). Rebirth of Rhetoric, London and New York: Rou-
tledge.
Aristotle (1959). The Art of Rhetoric, London: William Heinemann Ltd.
Arystoteles (2008). Retoryka. Retoryka dla Aleksandra. Poetyka,
Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Arystoteles (2010). Polityka, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe
PWN.
Asmus, E. (1986). Psychagogia in Plato’s Phaedrus, Illinois Classical
Studies, 11/1–2, 153–157.
Barłowska, M., A. Budzyńska-Daca, and P. Wilczek (2008). Retoryka,
Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Barłowska, M (2008). Amplifikacja retoryczna. Barłowska, M., et al.
(eds.). Retoryka. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 98–
115.
Black, E. (1965). Rhetorical Criticism, New York: The Macmillan Com-
pany.
Bourdieu, P. (2008). Language and Symbolic Power. Jaworski, A., and
N. Coupland (eds.). The Discourse Reader. London and New York:
Routledge, 480–490.
Brown, P., and S. C. Levinson (1987). Politeness, Cambridge: Cam-
bridge University Press.
Buckler, W. E., and A. B. Sklare (1966). Essentials of Rhetoric, New
York: The Macmillan Company.
